[Clinical effect of superior oblique re-tucking for recurrent or residual compensatory head position].

Objective: To evaluate the effects of re-tucking the superior oblique muscle on recurrent or residual compensatory head position. Methods: A retrospective case series study was conducted. 12 recurrent or residual compensatory head position patients (12 eyes) with congenital superior oblique palsy who underwent superior oblique re-tucking in Tianjin Eye Hospital from March 2015 to February 2021 were included. All patients had a history of superior oblique tucking procedure and showed signs of superior oblique muscle palsy without inferior oblique muscle overaction. During surgery, the Guyton forced duction test is used to evaluate the relaxation of the superior oblique muscle tendon, which affects the re-tucking length of the muscle.Their head position, vertical deviation, eye movement, fovea-disa angle, and Bielschowsky head tilt test were assessed pre-and post-surgery. Statistical analysis was performed using ttest and paired samples Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: Out of the 12 patients, 8 were male and 4 were female, aged between 2 and 9 years. The initial surgery was done at age 6, with a superior oblique recession length of (7.17±1.03) mm. Recurrent head tilt occurred in 11 patients after (3.82±0.98) months postoperatively, and 1 patient had residual head tilt, with a followup period of six months or more. Ocular motility examination revealed underaction of the superior oblique muscle, positive Bielschowsky's head tilt test, and Guyton forced duction tese indicating relaxation of the paralyzed superior oblique muscle tendon. Scar adhesion was observed at the stop of the superior oblique muscle, as well as the previous sutures. The scar and the sutures around the stop of the superior oblique muscle were released, the mean re-tucking amount was(7.83±1.59)mm. Follow-up at 12 to 18 months postoperatively showed disappearance of compensatory head position, significant improvement in superior oblique muscle lag, normal ocular motility, and no occurrence of Brown syndrome. The results of Bielschowsky head tilt were negative in 9 cases and still positive in 3 cases after superior oblique re-tucking. The primary vertical deviation was 2.5 (2.0, 5.3) prism diopter pre-operatively and 1 (0, 1) prism diopter post-operatively, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (U=6.00, P<0.001). The total amount of FDA in both eyes was (-22.04±5.47)° and (-15.27±6.08)° pre-and post-operatively, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (t=2.87, P=0.009). All 12 patients have normal eye movement after superior oblique re-tucking procedure. All patients had no compensatory head position at last follow-up. Conclusions: Superior oblique re-tucking is suitable for patients with relaxation of the superior oblique muscle tendon and extrocular rotation as the main sign. It can effectively and safely correct the recurrent or residual compensatory head position after re-tucking the superior oblique muscle.

Dynamic stabilization of ablative Rayleigh-Taylor instability in the presence of a temporally modulated laser pulse.

This paper presents a numeric study of the dynamic stabilization of the ablative Rayleigh-Taylor instability (ARTI) in the presence of a temporally modulated laser pulse. The results show that the specially modulated laser produces a dynamically stabilized configuration near the ablation front. The physical features of the relevant laser-driven parameters in the unperturbed ablative flows have been analyzed to reveal the inherent stability mechanism underlying the dynamically stabilized configuration. A single-mode ARTI for the modulated laser pulse is first compared with that of the unmodulated laser pulse. The results show that the modulated laser stabilizes the surface perturbations and reduces the linear growth rate and enhancement of the cutoff wavelength. For multimode perturbations, the dynamic stabilization effect of the modulated laser pulse contributes to suppress the small-scale structure and reduce the width of the mixing layer. Moreover, the results show that the stabilization effect of the modulated laser pulse decreases as the maximum wavelength increases.

Value of spectral CT parameters in predicting the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer.

AIM: To investigate the value of pre-chemotherapy spectral computed tomography (CT) parameters in predicting neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) response in gastric cancer (GC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty patients with GC who received NAC and underwent spectral CT examination before chemotherapy were enrolled retrospectively and divided into a responsive group and a non-responsive group according to the postoperative pathological tumour regression grade. Clinical characteristics were collected. The iodine concentration (IC), water concentration (WC), and effective atomic number (Eff-Z) of the portal venous phases were measured before chemotherapy, and IC was normalised to that of the aorta to provide the normalised IC (NIC). An independent samples t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, or chi-square test was used to analyse the differences between the two groups, and the receiver operating curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the predictive performance of different variables. RESULTS: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was lower in the responsive group than in the non-responsive group (p<0.05). IC, NIC, and Eff-Z values were significantly higher in the responsive group than in the non-responsive group (p<0.01). The areas under the ROC curves for the NLR, IC, NIC, and Eff-Z were 0.694, 0.688, 0.799, and 0.690, respectively. The combination of NIC, Eff-Z, and NLR values showed good diagnostic performance in predicting response to NAC in GC, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.857, 76.92% sensitivity, 80% accuracy, and 85.71% specificity. CONCLUSION: Spectral CT parameters may serve as non-invasive tools for predicting the response to NAC in patients with GC.

Preoperative CT histogram analysis to predict the expression of Ki-67 in solid pseudopapillary tumours of the pancreas.

AIM: To explore the value of preoperative computed tomography (CT) histogram features in predicting the expression status of Ki-67 in patients with solid pseudopapillary pancreatic tumours (SPTP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study analysed venous phase CT images of 39 patients with SPTP confirmed at surgery and histopathology and measured using the Ki-67 proliferation index from November 2015 to February 2022. According to the Ki-67 proliferation index, they were divided into high expression (Ki-67 ≥ 4%) and low expression (Ki-67 < 4%) groups. The histogram features of quantitative parameters were extracted using MaZda software, and the quantitative parameters of CT histograms were compared between groups. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of the patients were plotted according to the parameters, with statistically significant differences. The area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity were calculated, and the effectiveness of the histogram parameters in predicting Ki-67 expression was analysed and evaluated. RESULTS: In total, 27 SPTP patients were enrolled, including 11 with high expression of Ki-67 and 16 with low expression. Comparative analysis of the Ki-67 high- and low-expression groups revealed a statistically significant in necrosis and variance (p<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of necrosis and variance predicting Ki-67 expression status were 0.753 and 0.841, the sensitivities were 81.8% and 81.3%, and the specificities were 68.7% and 81.8%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Preoperative CT histogram features help predict Ki-67 expression status in patients with SPTP.

Effects of oleanolic acid on acute liver injury triggered by lipopolysaccharide in broiler chickens.

1. Infectious injury caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a metabolite of gram-negative bacteria, can induce stress responses in animals and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in young birds. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with oleanolic acid (OA) on acute liver injury in broiler chickens challenged with LPS.2. In total, 120 broiler chickens were randomly divided into six groups and fed a basal diet containing 0, 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg OA or 100 mg/kg aureomycin. On d 15, broiler chickens were injected with either LPS or an equivalent volume of normal saline. Six hours after LPS injection, two broiler chicks were randomly selected for sampling in each replicate.3. The results indicated that dietary aureomycin was ineffective in alleviating LSP-associated liver injury, but protected broiler chickens from LPS-induced liver damage. This promoted a significant reduction in the levels of malondialdehyde and an increase in the levels of superoxide dismutase in liver. In addition, OA was found to cause significant reductions in the relative expression of IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α in broiler liver tissues, whereas the relative expression of IL-10 was significantly increased.4. In conclusion, oleanolic acid can alleviate oxidative stress and injury in the livers of broiler chickens induced by lipopolysaccharide. Consequently, oleanolic acid has potential utility as a novel anti-inflammatory and antioxidant feed additive.

[Effect of hollow compression screw internal fixation in treating McCrory-Bladin type â ¡ lateral process fracture of the talus: open versus arthroscopy surgery].

In order to explore the clinical efficacy of hollow compression screw internal fixation in the treatment of lateral process fracture of the talus under open surgery versus arthroscopy procedure, a retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 33 patients with lateral process fracture of the talus admitted to Xuzhou Central Hospital from January 2019 to December 2021. There were 19 males (19 feet) and 14 females (14 feet), aged 18 to 50 years, with an average age of (32.2±9.3) years. According to the modified McCrory-Bladin classification, all patients were classified as type Ⅱ. Based on the different surgical methods, the patients were divided into the arthroscopy group (21 cases, treated with double-tunnel subtalar arthroscopy combined with hollow compression screw internal fixation) and the open group (12 cases, treated with open reduction and internal fixation with hollow compression screw). The operation time was observed and the surgical effects were evaluated using the visual analogue scale (VAS) of pain, the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score, the Foot Function Index (FFI), and the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), which includes the FAAM-ADL (activity of daily living subscale) and the FAAM-S (sport subscale). All the patients of the two groups achieved stage Ⅰ wound healing. On the first day after the operation, the mean VAS score of the arthroscopy group was 2.4±0.7, which was significantly lower than that of the open group (3.4±1.6) (P=0.020). No significant difference was observed in terms of the follow-up time, operation time and AOFAS score between the two groups (all P>0.05). The FFI score of the arthroscopy group was significantly lower than that of the open group, and the FAAM-ADL and FAAM-S scores were significantly higher than those in the open group (all P<0.05). Two cases of dorsal foot numbness occurred in the open group after the operation, and the incidence of complications was not significantly different from that of the arthroscopy group (P=0.054). For McCrory-Bladin type Ⅱ lateral process fracture of the talus, the use of compression screw internal fixation could achieve reliable results, however, compared to open surgery, arthroscopy procedure obtained mini trauma and better functions.

[Study on long-term morphological stability of three-dimensional-printed photosensitive resin dental models].

Objective: To study the long-term morphological stability of three-dimensional (3D) printed photosensitive resin dental models under natural light and dark conditions. Methods: Eighty sets of resin dental models were made by the desktop 3D printer from one digital standard model set, and randomly divided into two groups, namely natural light group (40 sets) and dark group (40 sets). All resin models were stored in sealed bags, with 4 model sets from each group randomly collected after 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, 28, 40, 60, or 90 days of storage and 3D scanned using an optical model scanner. The root-mean-square error (RMSE) was calculated to represent the mean deviation of the difference between the digital standard model and the scanned resin model. Meanwhile, three linear indexes (the width between the canines, the width between the first molars, and the arch length) of the resin dental model were measured and compared with the corresponding values of the standard model. RMSE and the linear measurements between the digital standard model and the scanned resin models were compared between the natural light group and the dark group and among models from different time points. Results: Compared with the digital standard model, the RMSE values of 96.9% (155/160) resin dental models were less than 0.1 mm within 90-day storage. Also, at the same time point, there was no significant difference in the RMSE between the natural light group and the dark group (P>0.05). 75.0% (360/480) of the absolute values of the linear differences (differences in inter-canine width, intra-molar width, and arch length between the digital standard model and the scanned resin model) were within 0.2 mm, and about 0.1% (3/480) of the linear differences were greater than 0.5 mm, and all of the linear differences were within 0.6 mm. Conclusions: 3D-printed resin dental models can be stored stably under natural light and dark conditions for a long time.

Differentiating between adult intracranial medulloblastoma and ependymoma using MRI.

AIM: To investigate the value of routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination combined with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the differential diagnosis of adult intracranial medulloblastomas and ependymomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MRI images of 18 medulloblastomas and 18 ependymomas in adult patients were analysed retrospectively, and the differences in MRI features of lesions and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of solid lesions between the two groups were recorded. Independent sample t-tests and χ2 tests were used to analyse the differences in MRI signs and maximum ADC (ADCmax), minimum ADC (ADCmin), and mean ADC (ADCmean) values between the two groups. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the differential diagnostic efficacy and optimal threshold for each ADC value. RESULTS: Age, tumour location, and tumour enhancement were significantly different between adult medulloblastoma and ependymoma (p<0.05). The ADCmax (0.69 ± 0.11 versus 1.04 ± 0.20 × 10-3 mm2/s, p<0.001), ADCmin (0.57 ± 0.12 versus 0.96 ± 0.21 × 10-3 mm2/s, p<0.001), and ADCmean (0.62 ± 0.11 versus 1.00 ± 0.20 × 10-3 mm2/s, p<0.001) values were significantly lower in adult medulloblastoma than in ependymoma. The areas under the ROC curves of ADCmax, ADCmin, and ADCmean were 0.951, 0.957, and 0.966, respectively. The optimal ADCmean threshold was 0.75 × 10-3 mm2/s, with a sensitivity of 88.9% and a specificity of 88.9%. CONCLUSION: Routine MRI examination combined with DWI helps differentiate between intracranial infratentorial medulloblastoma and ependymoma in adults.

[Long-term trend of gastric cancer survival rate in Qidong, 1972-2016].

Objective: The survival rate of gastric cancer cases in the whole population of Qidong City of Jiangsu Province from 1972 to 2016 was analyzed to provide a data basis for prevention and control of gastric cancer. Methods: The observed survival rate (OSR) was calculated by the life table method, the relative survival rate (RSR) was calculated by SURV 3.01 software, and the trend test was performed by Hakulinen's likelihood ratio test. Age-standardized relative survival rate (ARSR) was calculated using the International Cancer Survival Standard (ICSS). The Joinpoint regression model was used to calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) of survival rate, and the trend analysis of the overall survival rate of gastric cancer and the survival rates of different sexes and ages was conducted. The ARIMA model was used to predict the survival rate. Results: From 1972 to 2016, there were 18 067 new cases of gastric cancer in Qidong City. The OSRs at 1, 5, and 10 years were 37.12%, 17.16%, and 12.86%, respectively, and the RSRs at 1, 5, and 10 years were 38.83%, 21.73%, and 21.20%. Dividing 1972-2016 into 9 periods at 5-year intervals, compared with 1972-1976, the 5-year RSR in 2012-2016 increased from 12.53% to 36.26%, and the RSR in the 9 periods increased with statistical significance (χ(2)=747.19, P<0.001). Both OSR and RSR were slightly higher in men than in women, and decreased with age. The AAPC results showed that the AAPC of the 5-year RSR of gastric cancer in Qidong was 2.88%, 2.75% in males and 3.05% in females, and the upward trend was statistically significant (P<0.001). From 1972 to 2016, the 5-year RSR of gastric cancer in all age groups showed an upward trend. Except for the 35-44-year-old group (AAPC=1.07%, t=2.16, P=0.067), the age groups had statistical significance ( AAPC=2.59% in the 45-54-year-old group, AAPC=3.19% in the AAPCs of other 55-64-year-old group, AAPC=3.99% in the 65-74-year-old group, and AAPC=2.97% in the 75-year-old group, all P<0.05). The prediction results of the ARIMA model showed that in 2026, the 5-year OSR of gastric cancer in Qidong will increase to 39.82%, and the 5-year RSR will increase to 49.23%. Conclusion: The overall survival rate of registered gastric cancer cases in Qidong has been greatly improved, but there is still large room for improvement. More attention should be paid to the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer.

Discrimination between microcystic meningioma and atypical meningioma using whole-lesion apparent diffusion coefficient histogram analysis.

AIM: To explore the value of whole-lesion apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram analysis in discriminating microcystic meningioma (MCM) from atypical meningioma (AM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical and preoperative MRI data of 20 patients with MCM and 26 patients with AM were analysed retrospectively. Whole-lesion apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram analysis was performed on each patient's lesion to obtain histogram parameters, including mean, variance, skewness, kurtosis, the 1st (ADCp1), 10th (ADCp10), 50th (ADCp50), 90th (ADCp90), and 99th (ADCp99) percentiles of ADC. The differences between the ADC histogram parameters of the two tumours were compared, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the diagnostic performance of statistically significant parameters in distinguishing the two tumours. RESULTS: The mean, ADCp1, ADCp10, ADCp50, and ADCp90 of MCM were greater than those of AM, and significant differences were observed in these parameters between MCM and AM (all p<0.05). ROC analysis showed that the mean had the highest area under the curve value (AUC) in distinguishing the two tumours (AUC = 0.852), when using 120.46 × 10-6 mm2/s as the optimal threshold, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for discriminating the two groups were 84.6%, 75%, 80.4%, 81.5%, and 78.9%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Histogram analysis based on whole-lesion ADC maps was useful for discriminating between MCM from AM preoperatively, with the mean being the most promising potential parameter.

[Progress of researches on infection with two species of Echinococcus causing human diseases in animal hosts and influencing factors].

Echinococcosis is a serious zoonotic parasitic disease caused by infections with larval Echinococcus. The life cycle of Echinococcus involves a variety of animal hosts, including hoofed animals and rodents as intermediate hosts and carnivores as definitive hosts. The transmission of human echinococcosis is closely associated with the life cycle of E. granulosus and E. multilocularis among animal hosts in nature. This review summarizes the recent advances in the prevalence and influencing factors of E. granulosus and E. multilocularis infections in animal hosts, so as to provide insights into precision control of echinococcosis.

Mating-Type Genes Control Sexual Reproduction, Conidial Germination, and Virulence in Cochliobolus lunatus.

Cochliobolus lunatus (anamorph: Curvularia lunata) is a major pathogenic fungus that causes the Curvularia leaf spot of maize. ClMAT1-1-1 and ClMAT1-2-1, the C. lunatus orthologs of C. heterostrophus ChMAT1-1-1 and ChMAT1-2-1, were investigated in the present study to uncover their functions in C. lunatus. Southern blot analysis showed that these mating-type MAT genes exist in the C. lunatus genome as a single copy. ClMAT1-1-1 and ClMAT1-2-1 were knocked out and complemented to generate ΔClmat1-1-1 and ΔClmat1-2-1 and ΔClmat1-1-1-C and ΔClmat1-2-1-C, respectively. The mutant strains had defective sexual development and failed to produce pseudothecia. There were no significant differences in growth rate or conidia production between the mutant and wild-type strains. However, the aerial mycelia and mycelial dry weight of ΔClmat1-1-1 and ΔClmat1-2-1 were lower than those of wild type, suggesting that MAT genes affect asexual development. ClMAT genes were involved in the responses to cell wall integrity and osmotic adaptation. ΔClmat1-2-1 had a lower conidial germination rate than the wild-type strain CX-3. The virulence of ΔClmat1-2-1 and ΔClmat1-1-1 was also reduced compared with the wild-type. Complementary strains could restore all the phenotypes.

[Epidural block associated with improved long-term survival after surgery for colorectal cancer: A retrospective cohort study with propensity score matching].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of epidural anesthesia on the long-term prognosis of patients after selective colorectal cancer resection surgery. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study and approved by local institution review board. Patients who underwent selective colorectal cancer resection surgery from August 2011 to December 2012 in Peking University First Hospital were enrolled. The patients were divided into general anesthesia (GA) group and combined epidural-general anesthesia (EGA) group according to anesthesia type. Primary outcome was patient's long-term survival status. Secondary outcome included the overall incidence of in-hospital complications and length of postoperative in-hospital stay. Propensity score was used to match cases between the two groups based on the probability of receiving EGA. Survival was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier analysis and compared by Log-rank test between the two groups. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between epidural anesthesia and other variables with long-term survival status. RESULTS: A total of 264 patients were entered into final analysis, including 166 cases in GA group and 98 cases in EGA group. Mean age of the patients was (63.3±12.1) years and mean survival time was 47.2 (95%CI 45.7-48.7) months. Before the propensity score match, the mortality in EGA group was 16.9% (28/166) and 9.2% (9/98) in GA group. But comparison between the two groups had no statistical significance (P=0.091). After the propensity score match, 87 paired cases were matched and analyzed. The risk of long-term mortality in EGA group was lower than that of GA group by Kaplan-Meier analysis (5.7% vs.16.1%, HR=0.344, 95%CI 0.124-0.955, P=0.041). Mean survival time of EGA group was longer than that of GA group (50.3 months vs. 42.9 months, P=0.032). Multivariate Cox regression ana-lysis showed that EGA, in comparison with GA, was related with lower risk of long-term mortality (HR=0.326, 95%CI 0.117-0.909, P=0.032). Age (HR=1.042, 95%CI 1.001-1.085, P=0.046) and preoperative lymph node metastasis (HR=2.924, 95%CI 1.162-7.356, P=0.023) were also related with increased risk of long-term mortality. CONCLUSION: Present study found that perioperative use of epidural anesthesia and analgesia was associated with improvement of the patient's long-term survival. Well-designed studies are needed to verify this hypothesis.

[Validation of a hyperkalemia prediction model in chronic kidney disease].

Objective: To validate the accuracy and consistency of a previously established prediction model for the occurrence of hyperkalemia in non-dialytic chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Methods: All patients diagnosed with CKD from Outpatient Department of Shanghai Changzheng Hospital during the 4th quarter of 2020 were recruited. Demographic data, clinical characteristics and prediction model-related parameters of the patients were collected and analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to evaluate the effectiveness of the model, and the specificity and sensitivity were calculated based on the cut-off value of 4 obtained from the previous model. The improved Hanley method was used to compare the area under the curve (AUC) between the previously established model and current validation dataset. The calibration curve was drawn to verify the model calibration degree. Results: A total of 434 patients diagnosed with non-dialytic CKD were enrolled, among whom 233 were males and 201 were females, with an average age of (55±16) years. According to the measured serum potassium values, the prevalence of hyperkalemia was 7.6%. And 33 patients were allocated to the hyperkalemia group and 401 patients were to the normal potassium group. There was no significant difference in age and sex between the two groups (both P>0.05). A combination of hyperkalemia and heart failure (27.3% vs 3.7%, P<0.001), diabetes (42.4% vs 19.7%, P=0.002), and acidosis (51.5% vs 7.0%, P<0.001) were more frequently in the hyperkalemia group, compared with the normal serum potassium group. Patients in the hyperkalemia group were more likely to have a past history of serum potassium ≥5.0 mmol/L (48.5% vs 2.5%, P<0.001). For the drugs that could increase serum potassium levels, there was a significant correlation between Chinese herbal medicine and the occurrence of hyperkalemia, while renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor (RAASi) and potassium supplementation showed no significant difference between the two groups. The results of ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC was 0.914, with the sensitivity of 84.8% and the specificity of 79.8% with the cut-off value of 4. The difference of AUC between the previously established risk assessment model of hyperkalemia in patients with non-dialytic CKD and current validation dataset was not statistically significant (Z=1.924, P=0.054), indicating the good accuracy and consistency of the prediction model. In the calibration curve, when the predicted risk of patients was below 0.4 or above 0.6, the prediction effect of the model was better. Conclusion: The previously-constructed hyperkalemia prediction model in non-dialytic CKD patients had good accuracy and consistency, and could be used to evaluate the risk of hyperkalemia in all stages of non-dialytic CKD patients.

[Establishment of animal models of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor-related rashes].

OBJECTIVE: To establish animal models epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor-related skin rashes using cetuximab, gefitinib or erlotinib. OBJECTIVE: Female SCID mice were randomly divided into blank control group and high-, moderate-, and low-dose cetuximab groups. The mice in control group received intraperitoneal injection of saline, and those in the 3 cetuximab groups were injected with 80, 40, and 20 mg/kg cetuximab (3 times a week for 4 weeks), respectively. The general skin appearance and skin pathologies of the mice were observed. Female BN rats were randomly divided into blank group, ovalbumin group, gefitinib group and erlotinib group, and in the latter 3 groups, the rats were given ovalbumin (1 mg), gefitinib (37.5 mg/kg), and erlotinib (23.5 mg/kg) by lavage once daily for 45 days, respectively. Skin pathologies of the rats were observed, and serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and other inflammatory factors were detected using ELISA. OBJECTIVE: Intraperitoneal injection of cetuximab did not induce typical skin rashes, scabs or obvious skin inflammation in the mice. In female BN rats, lavage of gefitinib caused obvious skin rashes, scabs and exudation, and obvious inflammatory cell infiltration, keratinosis, spinous layer release and epidermal thickening were observed in the skin. No obvious skin inflammation were observed in the rats in the control, ovalbumin or erlotinib groups. While IgE (P=0.061) and TNF-α concentrations (P=0.057) did not differ significantly among the groups, serum levels of IL-6 was significantly higher in gefitinib group than in the blank control group (P=0.016) but similar between erlotinib group and the blank group (P=0.910). OBJECTIVE: Intraperitoneal injection of cetuximab can not induce epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor-related skin rashes in SCID mice. Lavage of gefitinib, but not erlotinib, can be used to establish models of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor-related rashes in BN rats.

Divisional Reconstruction Strategy: The Repair of Perineal Skin Defect After Tumor Resection.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The unique anatomical and physiological function of the perineum region makes it difficult to be repaired after tumor resection. We aim to evaluate the efficacy of PSC divisional reconstruction strategy in the reconstruction of perineal skin defect. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study includes patients undergoing perineal skin defect reconstruction with PSC strategy-P (penis), S (scrotum), C (circum-penoscrotal skin) divisional reconstruction strategy. RESULTS: From August 2013 to August 2018, 47 patients were enrolled in the surgical procedure. The defect area after resection measured 2 cm × 2.5 cm, minimum, and 12 cm × 18 cm, maximum. Among them, the cases involved one, two, and three zones are 12, 10, and 25, respectively. The skin defects were divisionally repaired. All flaps were well survived without complications or scar contracture. No tumor recurrence happened. CONCLUSION: The application of PSC divisional reconstruction strategy is a promising way to repair wounds in circum-penoscrotal skin area. Moreover, this strategy is easy to process and shows no significant complications during follow-up period.